SP@M increases LC3-mediated autophagy as well as strengthens ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation toward KEAP1, which promotes the expression and nuclear translocation of NRF2
Glutathione contributes to maintaining normal cellular function and supporting overall immune health
Mechanistically, GSH-Au NCs likely modulates redox balance by direct ROS scavenging (evidenced by reduced H 2 O 2 , O 2 , MDA, and EL) and transcriptional upregulation of AsA-GSH genes ( SOD , APX , GR , MDHAR , and DHAR ), consistent with Au NP effects [25,26,27]
Glutathione is the bodys master detoxifier
This growing awareness is why supplements like glutathione are now being included in skincare routines, as an ongoing support